Kazaa blunder essays

Kazaa screw up articles Kazaa is demonstrative of E-Commerce I since it was innovation driven. The entire framework was run from a product plan of a Swedish and Dutch planner. The base of Kazaa was present day innovation. Income development was not the colossal piece of Kazaa. It did anyway cause income from having huge companies to publicize on their site, yet they didn't create a lot of income from its clients. To start with Kazaa was ungoverned. When recording organizations started to jump up and hit the organization with copyright encroachments, it immediately turned out to be increasingly more administered, prompting its death. I don't accept that kazaa was absolutely an innovative endeavor, since Napster was established and advertised before Kazaa existed. One final attribute of E-Commerce I was that Kazaa had an unadulterated online procedure. It realized its objective market and got one of the most famous distributed destinations throughout the entire existence of the web. With respect to E-Commerce II, Kazaa was absolutely business driven. They didn't have the purchaser as a top priority for their benefit making, rather the corporate huge names like Microsoft and Net Flix (to give some examples). It held a specific accentuation on benefits, in spite of the fact that it was anything but an immense accentuation. As Kazaa developed and more discussion stimulate, it appeared to have more administration and more grounded guidelines. I feel this was on the grounds that when it was a hot issue about a year or so prior, it was secured on the news nearly n an everyday schedule. Ultimately I feel that kazaa had enormous adherent quality, straight up to the end. I can review the cases were the administration was fining a 13-year-old youngsters on their PCs for downloading unlawful music. Dangers were made to the purchaser, however they despite everything continued with Kazaa, particularly the school swarm. As expressed previously, Kazaa brought in their cash through contribution promoting on the site. As clarified before, Kazaa falls into the two classes of E-Commerce I The mechanical advances of shared innovation are many. The simplicity... <!

When Is Methylphenidate Detectable By Drug Tests

When Is Methylphenidate Detectable By Drug Tests Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print How Long Does Methylphenidate Stay in Your System? By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 13, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 03, 2019 JodiJacobson / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Methylphenidate is a nervous system stimulant commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.?? Marketing under several brand names, the drug is best known in the U.S. as Ritalin. When used as directed, methylphenidate can provide a person greater focus for a short period of time and even help control appetite in people who are dangerously obese.?? Because it is stronger than caffeine but not as strong as amphetamines, methylphenidate can be abused by those who take it recreationally (usually by snorting it or injecting it into a vein).?? On the street, the drug is commonly referred to as vitamin R, R-ball, pineapple, and skippy. Students have been known to use methylphenidate to stay up late to study for exams. It is a practice that can lead to addiction, a problem which often requires treatment at a drug rehabilitation center.?? Excretion of Methylphenidate From the Body The length of time that methylphenidate is detectable in the body is dependant on several variables, including which type of drug test is being used and which formulation of the drug is being taken. There are both immediate-release and extended-release forms of methylphenidate on the market, the latter of which remains in the body longer.?? Both are excreted primarily in urine. Methylphenidate has a relatively short half-life (one to four hours) and doesnt have the tendency to accumulate in cells the way that some other drugs do. However, elimination is highly variable, with some people excreting 97 percent of the drug over one to two days while others excrete as little as 78 percent over the same time frame.?? The causes of these variations may include a persons metabolism, body mass index (BMI), age, health status, and kidney function. As such, it is nearly impossible to determine the exact time by which methylphenidate will no longer register a negative result on a drug screen.?? Estimated Detection Windows The following provides an estimate of the detection window based on the various drug screening methods:Urine-based screen: one to three daysSaliva-based screen: one to three daysHair-based analysis: detectable in follicles for up to 90 daysBlood-based screen: not commonly used for drug screening Other Reasons for Drug Testing Blood-based screens are not commonly used in cases for recreational drug use because of the speed by which methylphenidate is excreted from the body. If abuse is suspected, a urine or saliva test can confirm current use (as well as estimate drug levels in the body) while a hair follicle sample can offer evidence of recent use. Blood-based tests are mainly used to determine if a person taking the drug for medical reasons is being prescribed the proper dosage.?? To this end, blood will be drawn one to two hours after a dose is taken. This allows time for the blood concentration levels to peak. Based on the findings, a doctor can decide if the dosage needs adjusting to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Can Ritalin Really Lead to Addiction?

Analysis Of Oedipus The King - 933 Words

Oedipus Cursing His Son, Polynices is a great work of art created by Henry Fuseli, in 1786. This painting was created in Fuseli’s homeland, Zurich, Switzerland. This painting has a powerful and dramatic purpose to it, and is very interesting to look at. The media of this painting is oil on canvas, and the paint is used loosely. The loose brushy style of the paint gives off the style of impressionism that brings the painting together. There is great historical and cultural context on this painting that refers to Greek mythology. Henry Fuseli s dramatic painting depicts an ancient Greek tragedy, King Oedipus discovered a horror that he murdered his father and married his mother. Oedipus blinded himself in contrition; Upset at his sons, Oedipus forced them to die in battle by each other s hand. He extends his arms to curse them, while Polynices draws back in shame and what is implied as pain from the curse. As for background information on the artist himself, Fuseli was encouraged by Reynolds in 1768 to become a painter. Fuseli traveled to Italy in 1770 to seek inspiration. Sculpture, Michelangelo, and mannerist art inspired him. Fuseli initiated his reputation when he returned to London in 1780. He dedicated most of his time and effort into paintings of Shakespearean themes, and became the leading mind of a group of inventive and experimental young artists. He was later elected an Associate of the Royal Academy of Arts in 1788, a full Academician in 1790, and Professor ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Oedipus The King 1127 Words   |  5 Pages For A Life Of Regrets Oedipus the King is a play written by Sophocles. Oedipus is the main figure and legend of Sophocles play. After Oedipus birth into the world, his father King Laius of Thebes heard from a prophet that his own child was destined to kill him. Sophocles play begins from past to present and starts to unravel the journeys Oedipus goes through. Oedipus isn t an evil character as one would think while reading the story. He neverRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus Oedipus The King 1152 Words   |  5 Pagesreading Oedipus the King. The number of times the words â€Å"see† or â€Å"blind† are in the play make it make it undeniably obvious that they are significant. The theme is developed throughout the dialogue, through characters such as Tiresias and Oedipus, and also directly in the irony of the play. It is important in a play about the truth because almost every character was â€Å"blind† to the truth. All of the characters, except one, can physically see, bu t mentally cannot see the truth. Oedipus seems toRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Oedipus The King1025 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis: Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is a tragic play showing a shift from the belief of fate to freedom of choice. Therefore, Oedipus the king is a great example of those who run from fate ends up fulfilling their fate After reading this type of tragic play â€Å"Oedipus the King† written by Sophocles you can see that the author did a very outstanding form of presenting a tragedy that has the characteristics of mimesis and a tragic hero. Specifically, the writer written the playRead MoreOedipus the King Character Analysis1321 Words   |  6 PagesLancaster ENG230 11/25/2010 Oedipus the King Character Analysis Oedipus the King had accomplished many great things during his reign of Thebes and in his life time. Oedipus found out during his reign in Thebes that the Gods who loved him also knew his devastating fate. As a young man when Oedipus answered the riddle the Sphinx he soon found his self having everything want and need. He earned his spot as the new King of Thebes, he had a great wife and lovely set of childrenRead MoreAnalysis Essay: Oedipus the King1017 Words   |  4 Pages Casual Analysis Essay: Oedipus the King Sophocles play Oedipus the King has endured for over two thousand years. The plays lasting appeal may be attributed to the fact it encompasses all the classical elements of tragedy as put forth by Aristotle in Poetics nearly a century before it was written. According to Aristotle, tragedy needs to be an imitation of life according to the law of probability or necessity. Tragedy is serious, complete, and has magnitude. It must have a beginning, middleRead MoreOedipus The King Character Analysis1429 Words   |  6 Pages Mrs. Long-Goldberg Honors World Lit/Comp 26 September, 2017 Ignorance Can Lead to Great Agony Plays were of great importance in early Greek culture. Plays were the main source of entertainment, and one of the most prominent examples is Oedipus the King written by Sophocles. The drama is uplifted by the character development and excellent structure Sophocles has put forward. Interactions between characters and each character’s motivations generate brilliant themes throughout the play. SophoclesRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Oedipus The King1419 Words   |  6 PagesAdhikari Mrs. Long-Goldberg Honors World Lit/Comp 26 September, 2017 Ignorance Can Lead to Great Agony Plays were of great importance in early Greek culture. Plays were the main source of entertainment, and one of the most prominent examples is Oedipus the King written by Sophocles. The drama is uplifted by the character development and excellent structure Sophocles has put forward. Interactions between characters and each character’s motivations generate brilliant themes throughout the play. SophoclesRead MoreOedipus The King Analysis1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe Greek play, Oedipus the King, shows how easy it is for a man to fall apart, while trying to make things right. Sophocles’ tragedy tells the story of Oedipus, a regular man turned king of Thebes. Throughout the tragedy, Oedipus searches for the cause of the chaos and havoc encompassing his land; however, he discovers that he is the one responsible for the hardships plaguing Thebes. As the tragedy continues, Sophocles’ exposes a dark side to power, fame, and ambition. Further, Sophocles’ expose sRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus The King 1696 Words   |  7 PagesDaKan Wei Professor Annjeanette Wiese HUMN 1110 1 October 2014 Fatalism in Oedipus the King Tragedy has always been considered the highest form of literature; Oedipus the King is written by Sophocles who is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians, it fully represents the enduring charm of the ancient Greek tragedy, leaving the reader endless thinking. Through Oedipus’ misfortune, Sophocles tries to reveal the cause of their tragedy is ubiquitous and ever-present fate,Read MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus The King1145 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus goes against the Chorus as he strongly defends himself as the people intensify his incrimination of killing the old king. Oedipus could not believe in his wildest dreams that he murdered his own father and was the husband of his mother. As an adopted runaway boy and a newfound king, he had to dig deep in his past to ease his burden. The Chorus’ incrimination of the King has brought the town into a downward spiral due to finding the real truth of the blind prophet. The relevance of Oedipus’

What Is a Chelate in Chemistry

A chelate is an organic compound formed when a polydentate ligand bonds to a central metal atom. Chelation, according to the IUPAC, involves the formation of two or more separate coordinate bonds between the ligand and central atom. The ligands are terms of chelating agents, chelants, chelators, or sequestering agents. Uses of Chelates Chelation therapy is used to remove toxic metals, as in heavy metal poisoning. Chelation is used to formulate nutritional supplements. Chelating agents are using in fertilizers, to prepare homogeneous catalysts, and as contrast agents in MRI scans. Chelate Examples Most biochemical molecules can dissolve metal cations to form chelate complexes. Polynucleic acids, proteins, amino acids, polypeptides, and polysaccharides all act as polydentate ligands.The bidentate ligand ethylenediamine forms a chelate complex with the copper ion to form a five-membered CuC2N2 ring.Almost all metalloenzymes involve chelated metals, typically to cofactors, peptides, or prosthetic groups.Hot chemical weathering is typically due to organic chelants extracting metal ions from rocks and minerals.Many nutritional supplements are prepared by chelating metal ions to help protect the metal from forming complexes with insoluble salts in the stomach. These supplements thus provide a higher capacity for absorption.Homogeneous catalysts, such as ruthenium(II) chloride chelated with a bidentate phosphine, frequently are chelated complexes.EDTA and phosphonates are common chelating agents used to soften water.

Identify and Explain Communication Relationships Free Essays

Promote Communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings 1. 1 Identify the different reasons people communicate Communication is very important and can be non-verbal: making eye contact, body language and gestures, verbal: talking, singing, listening and responding, and written. People communicate usually to provide or receive information. We will write a custom essay sample on Identify and Explain Communication Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now The information provided can be passed on and used for teaching and learning. It is also used to share our ideas and thoughts, to interact with others, and to understand others. Communication allows us to make decisions, to inform others, to resolve conflicts and problems, and to meet social and physical needs. We need to communicate in a nursery especially, as it is part of child development. Communication allows for connection with a young child, and enabling positive relationships to build by sharing and relating information. We also use communication whilst experiencing different things, such as new food, which allows everyone to express their ideas and extend their vocabulary. . 2 Explain how communication affects relationships in the work setting Communication in the workplace is a system for sending and receiving messages. Communication is a process that enables us to have good relationships with parents, colleagues, and children. Good relationships can create a welcoming and secure atmosphere for the children. This then helps the child to settle in and feel relaxed. Children are ‘social learners’, and learn by copying other people. Adults working with them should model good communication, both speaking and listening, so children will learn from them. Children need to know that they are being listened to and heard. This helps them to build up trust with adults, and promotes better relationships. The more you learn how to listen to the child, the better you will be able to assess their abilities and interests, and planning for their next steps in learning and development. You will also get to know them well and then you can support their emotional needs by being in tune with them. The better and sooner children learn to communicate, the more easily they will form friendships and their confidence and self-esteem will increase. Very young children often aren’t able to express their thoughts and feelings in words, so it is important that adults working with them can listen carefully, and help children to learn how to express themselves. Good relationships also benefit the quality of interaction between the setting and the parent. Parents are more likely to share information, make comments and take an interest in what their child has been doing. This also benefits the child as additional information will be passed on to help the practitioner meet the child’s needs. There also needs to be good communication between staff members in the setting so they can enjoy their work. A good relationship in a team means that during times of stress and difficulties, practitioners can support each other. If there is lack of communication between staff members, vital information may not be passed on, and the child’s safety could be affected. This could be what a child’s allergies are, or who will be picking the child up. Confidentiality Confidential information is information of some sensitivity, which has been shared in a relationship where the person giving the information understood it would not be shared with others. This also means the discretion in keeping secret or private information. All childcare settings must intend to fully respect the privacy of children and families. It is good to try and ensure that all parents and carers can share their information in the confidence that it will only be used to enhance the welfare of their child. Settings can respect confidentiality in the following ways: Allowing parents to have access to files and records of their own children, but do not have access to information about any other child. * Staff will not discuss personal information given by parents with other members of staff, except where it effects planning for the child’s needs. All staff is aware of the importance of confidentiality in the role of the key person. * Any concerns relating to a childâ€⠄¢s personal safety are kept in a secure, confidential file and are shared with as few people as possible on a â€Å"need to know† basis. Personal information about children, families and staff is kept securely in a lockable file. * Issues to do with employment of staff, whether paid or unpaid, remain confidential to the people directly involved with making decisions. * Students attending the nursery on placement are made aware of the confidentiality policy and are required to respect it. Multi-Agency Approach to Communication Unifying Communications for a Safer Response The Programme is funded jointly by the Department of Communities and Local Government, National Policing Improvement Agency, Cabinet Office and the Department of Health. The Public rightfully expect a  quick and effective  response from the emergency services and responder community. Experience  of major incidents and large scale events have highlighted the requirement for responders to communicate more effectively. Common communications tools are available, including Airwave radio and data tools such as the National Resilience Extranet. Airwave is the common radio platform in use by the Police Service, Ambulance Trusts, Fire and Rescue Service and those responding within the Civil Contingencies Act, 2004. The exchange of critical voice and data information between emergency responders is essential to: * Maximise the opportunity for  an effective  provision of services to the Public * Minimise risks to the public and emergency services personnel * Alert personnel to an immediate hazard * Support decision-making by Commanders * Assist in the creation and maintenance of a Common Operating Picture (COP) * Deliver a common operational approach across borders at emergencies, incidents and events http://www. pia. police. uk Communicating with children It is important to communicate clearly with young children as it helps them to understand what is expected of them, and they also learn to become good communicators themselves. Good communication:- * Check that you have their attention * Make good eye contact * Use positive facial expressions and body language * Use a friendly tone of voice * Call children by their preferred name * Keep sentences to the point * Listen to what the child says them respond Do not be sarcastic * Think about children’s language level and needs * Remember that they may not know phrases and words such as ‘a couple’ To build a good relationship with children, it is important that you encourage them to interact with you. This should be in a relaxed and natural way. Sometimes rather than telling a child what to do, you may ask them what they think and allow them to make suggestions. Listening plays a vital role here and teaches the children how to listen. Adapting communication to meet the individual needs of children Every child is different, so it is important to think about the communication needs of each individual child, and then adapt your approaches accordingly. For example, a child who stammers will need more opportunities to talk calmly in unhurried situations, away from other children who may interrupt. Another example is a child who has English as a second language. In this case, you may need to simplify sentences or use visual cues. They may need a little more time to respond. If there are particular difficulties with a child, firstly you need to talk to parents as they know what works best for their child. If these strategies don’t work, you may need to contact a speech and language team to try and extend these strategies. For example, a visual approach alongside spoken word, to help children understand the meaning, or a pictorial system which allows the children to show what they want by photographs. A child with a hearing loss may benefit from communicating in areas that are well lit, and away from distracting background noises. Recognising communication differences and difficulties It is important to learn about what a particular child is use to. If you have parents of different cultures or nationalities in the setting, take note of how they interact and communicate with children. For example, a parent may kiss and hug their child more, so their child will be used to a much more active style of communication. The use of eye contact and body language also vary across languages and cultures. The gesture for ‘no’ may be different so it is good to learn by watching and taking an interest in the way parents interacts with their children. There are many reasons why a child may have delayed speech or communication difficulties. If early intervention can take place, it could make a significant difference. Environmental causes include: Parents/carers or practitioners being ‘too busy’ to talk to the children Lack of understanding by parents/carers or practitioners of the importance of talking and listening to children Meal times not being shared with adults Noisy home environment – radio always on Child being left alone for long periods of time Children with communication difficulties do not necessarily have any learning impairment. It is important to not assume that a child’s ability to understand, listen and learn is diminished because of difficulties in communication. It is also essential to ensure that the child is not being bullied or teased by the other children. If so, it must be prevented straight away as there are many effects such as a decrease in confidence and self esteem. Type of difficulty| Examples/Characteristics| Speech and Language Delay| A child with these difficulties follow the normal pattern for speech and language, but at a slower rate or later than usual. Emotional Problems| Being withdrawn and fearful of adults. A child with emotional problems is usually a result of abuse or neglect. | Expressive Difficulties| The child finds it hard to convey thoughts in words. For example, a child may say ‘chair’ meaning ‘table’ but does fully understand the difference between the two. | Stuttering| Most children go through a phase of not being able to pronounce words i n the accepted way, repeating words and not being fluent. If a stutter does develop, it will be between the age of two and five years. Children who have a stutter have difficulty in coordinating the airflow in their mouths and the muscles around their mouths. Stressful situations, such as talking in front of a group, can make it worse. It is very important to allow the child to speak and not finish their sentences. You can help with props and provide lots of reassurance. Referral to a specialist may be required. | Specialists include: * Translation services * Interpreting services * Speech and language services * Advocacy services How to cite Identify and Explain Communication Relationships, Papers

Physics for Health Sciences

Questions: (1). For each of the two statements below, consider each of the terms listed for it and determine whether or not it can be correctly inserted into the blank. There may be more than one term that can be inserted. Explain your reasoning for your decision for each term. a. As a sound wave moves through a uniform medium, the wave will experience a gradual reduction in its __________. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ Powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨2. Speedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨3. Frequency à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ b. As sound moves through matter, at each compression zone there is a localized region of increased _________. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ c. Particle density 2. Pressureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨3. Velocity (2). Patients in clinical facilities are often required to be in a partial state of undress for their procedures, and as a result may experience a drop in body temperature, particularly when the examining room temperature is low. Give two reasons for the greater rate of heat loss from the patients body when he is partially clothed in an examining gown rather than when he is fully clothed. Explain each reason. (3). You notice that the electric warming blanket that has been purchased by your clinical facility for patients has only 2 prongs to its electrical plug. a. Explain how this blanket has been designed to minimize the risk of electric shock to the user. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ b. Explain why the risk of electric shock from using the blanket can be minimized by this design but à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨ (4). A typical electric blanket consumes 50 W of power when operating. What is the overall resistance of the blanket if it is designed to be plugged into a standard powerpoint? Answers: (1). As the sound wave travels through a uniform medium, it will undergo a gradual reduction in its power. However, as the same sound waves traverse through a given medium that is uniform, its velocity remains constant because velocity depends on the characteristics of the medium. For a uniform medium, there is no change in the physical characteristics, therefore, no change in the velocity of the sound. As the sound wave is propagated through a uniform medium, it does not experience any changes in its frequency and velocity (Hindmarsh et al., 2014). As the sound waves travel across any matter, it experiences a localized region that is marked by an increase in pressure at every compression zone. The compressionof sound waves occurs when the molecules are pressed together or forced within the medium of transmission. However, when the motion of the sound wave is immense, each compression creates an excess pressure of higher amplitude compared to the decrease in pressure generated by each rarefaction. (2). Generally, the expression for computing the amount of heat loss by any given body is given as The expression is derived from the 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Zohuri and McDaniel, 2015, p. 99). There are two possible processes through which the patient in the examination can lose his body temperature when he is partially clothed compared to when he is not clothed. Heat Loss Through Radiation The normal body temperature of the patient is 37 ÃÅ'Ã…  C as a warm-blooded being. The human body temperature is higher than that of the ambient when the body is lagged by the clothing. As a result, the existing temperature gradient leads to the loss of heat from the patient to the ambient through radiation. Additionally, the head is the major point through which heat is lost to the ambient. The formula for determining the amount of heat lost by the patient what is partially dressed can be expressed as Heat Loss Through Convection When the patient is partially clothed, some parts of the body are exposed to the ambient are responsible for the rapid heat loss. The moving drought carries away the moisture droplets on the surface of the patient whose body is partially covered by clothes. The expression for computing the amount of heat dissipated by the body through convection is given as (3). The electric warming blanket is designed to reduce the risk of electric shock. The electric connector is situated at the lower end of the blanket to prevent any risks of electric shock (Bridges, Schmelz and Evers, 2007, p. 17). In addition, the blankets are designed to emit a low quantity of heat to minimize the risks of fire and other related issues. They also have many integrated safety features that help in preventing the occurrence of shock. One of such features is that they are programmed to pre-warm the bedding within certain time intervals before later switching it off. Moreover, advanced temperature controls have been installed to assist in sensing the changes in the body temperature and that of the air. The blanket further can adjust its settings appropriately and has an alert system in case of malfunction. There are, however, cases where the design features of the electric blanket cannot prevent some risks. One of the challenges is the possibility of short-circuiting the terminals of the blanket. Secondly, an electric shock may result due to damaged plugs, poor storage, and uninsulated cords. Such incidences of electric risk may occur due to the carelessness of the person using the gadget and therefore, cannot be minimized by its design features. (4). Voltage for a standard power point, V = 240 Volts For this problem, the appropriate questions are Power = Current multiplied by Voltage (Masters, 2013, p. 3-4) or the square of the current multiplied by the Resistance of the material s I = 50/240 A Therefore, Resistance, R = 50/(50/240)2 = 1152 Glossary Frequency is the number ofwavesthat passes through a point in a unit time usually one second. It is measured in hertz (Hz) whereby 1 Hz is equal to onewavein a unit second. Velocity is the product of the wavelength of a given wave and its corresponding frequency measured in m/s. Amplitude is the distance between the rest positions of a wave to its crest position. This distance equals half the vertical distance between the trough of a wave and its crest. Compression is an area within a longitudinal (sound) wave in which the particles are closer to one another. Rarefaction is a phenomenon in the transmission of the sound waves that leads to the reduction in the density of an object. A rarefaction, unlike compression, is an area of a longitudinal wave in which the particles are far apart. Convection isthe method by which heat is transferredby the mass movement of the fluid when the heated fluid is made to move away from the heat source, thereby carrying away energy with it. Radiation is the process by which the heat is transferred from a hot body to a cold body through a temperature gradient. Lagging: is the insulation of a body to prevent it from losing heat to the environment/surrounding Temperature gradient: is the difference in temperature between hot body and a cold body Ambient: is the surrounding or environment where a hot or cold object is placed Drought: is the mass of moving air through convection currents Q is the quantity of the transferred heat in a given time, t is the bodys thermal conductivity A is the area of the body Thot is the temperature of the hot body Tcold is the temperature of the cols body d is the thickness of the body Ta is the ambient temperature Tskin is the human body temperature à Ã‚ µ is the skin emissivity Au is the body region that is not covered by the clothing is a constant of the Stefan-Boltzmann Kconv is the convection constant that depends on the velocity of the wind in m/s The 1st Law of Thermodynamics: states that the overall amount of energy of a system that is isolated is constant since energy can be converted from one form to another although it can never be destroyed or created. I is the electric current measured in Amps (A) R is the resistance of the conductor, measured in Reference List Bridges, E., Schmelz, J. and Evers, K. (2007). Efficacy of the Blizzard Blanket or Blizzard Blanket plus Thermal Angel in Preventing Hypothermia in a Hemorrhagic Shock Victim (Sus scrofa) under Operational Conditions.Military Medicine, 172(1), pp.17-23. Hindmarsh, M., Huber, S., Rummukainen, K. and Weir, D. (2014). Gravitational Waves from the Sound of a First Order Phase Transition.Phys. Rev. Lett., 112(4). Masters, G. (2013).Renewable and efficient electric power systems. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Zohuri, B. and McDaniel, P. (2015). First Law of Thermodynamics.Thermodynamics In Nuclear Power Plant Systems, pp.99-149.

Who Contributed More to the Progress of Medicine Versalius, Pare, or Harvey Essay Example

Who Contributed More to the Progress of Medicine Versalius, Pare, or Harvey Paper For many years this has been a heated debate between both physicians, historians, and scientists. Many argue that Vesaliuss book methods began a new era of progression in medicine, increasing knowledge of the human anatomy through careful obviation and experimentation, promoting a new out look to the research of medicine. Without this influence, the likes of Pare and Harvey would not have been so successful. However, Others claim that Pares new methods and ideas revolutionised surgery. He is considered by many the father of modern surgery. Yes, without the knowledge improved by Vesalius he would not have been able introduce his new ideas, however Pare brought new methods and theories which are escential to todays medical history. With out him it is unlikely that Harvey would have made his find. In addition, it is said that Harvey introduced a turning point in medical history. Although he was influenced by Vesailius and Pare, were as they contributed to only sections of medical progression, Harvey revolutionised the entire procedure. After him, it was finally understood that knowledge of how the body works depends on knowledge of the bodys structure. However still the question remains unanswered: who is the true candidate Andreas Vesailuis (1514-1564) was successful as both a professor and a physician. He made significant improvements to the knowledge of human anatomy and the structure of the skeleton. Vesalius studied Medicine in Paris and was fascinated by the human anatomy. Unlike most physicians of his time, he relied on observation and experiments to increase his knowledge rather than simply believing the information presented to him in the medical writings. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Contributed More to the Progress of Medicine Versalius, Pare, or Harvey specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Who Contributed More to the Progress of Medicine Versalius, Pare, or Harvey specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Who Contributed More to the Progress of Medicine Versalius, Pare, or Harvey specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He would use skeletons from the Gallows (their bones wired together), animal, and human corpses, and make detailed diagrams and drawings of their form. The drawings were clear and accurate showing that skeleton was a frame controlled by muscles and containing organs. This enabled him to improve upon the ideas and theories concerning anatomy written by Galen and Islamic doctors. For example: through dissection, he found that humans do not have the same amount of bones along their spines as monkeys, proving that Galens theory was incorrect. With the diagrams he could convey his new theories concerning anatomy to others and spread his knowledge in such a way that was easy to understand and proof of his additional discoveries. During 1543, he wrote a book on the human anatomy called The fabric of the Human Body Which rivalled many ideas of Galen and other such physicians. Because Vesalius challenged the ideas of Galen he was often ridiculed and disliked by his colleagues at the Padau University Italy, where he became Professor of anatomy at the age of just 23. It was not just his fresh anatomical speculations that contributed to the progression of medicine, but in addition his philosophy towards the study and investigation of the human body. Oppose to most professors of his time, who during public disections would read from a book while assistants would carry out the actual anatomization as it was considered manual work, Vesalius carried out dissections himself as he believed it gave both him and his students a greater understanding. He also told his students to study the human body for themselves rather than believing what they read in the ancient medical books written by Greek, Roman and Islamic writers. After leaving Padua Vesalius became a court physician to Emperor Charles V. His book methods began a new era of progress in medicine. In addition, by increasing the understanding of anatomy he improved the understanding of how the body works, therefore this way future physicians such as Pare and Harvey had a greater understanding of the cause of disease and how it could be cured. Aborise Pare (1510-1590) is considered by many the Father of modern surgery. During the twenty years he spent as a barber surgeon to the French army, he improved surgical techniques and ideas. Pare developed the technique of applying mild ointment to wounds rather than cauterisation as he detected simply by accident that when the wound healed naturally with the aid of ointment the process was quicker with considerably less pain. With wounded soldiers to treat he certainly had the material to develop this technique. Working with injured soldiers their wounds were often deep, initially Pare used the accepted method of treatment: cauterisation. Boiling oil was poured on to the wound and it was then sealed with a hot iron. This was both painful and dangerous. However, by chance Pare ran out of oil, till more supplies were delivered he concocted a dressing of egg yolks, rose oil and turpentine (a herbal antiseptic) and applied it to the wounds of damaged men. Pare discovered that the dressing had successfully sealed the wounds of soldiers he had treated and they had suffered considerably less pain than usual. The following day he noticed that the men who had been cauterised were feverish, however those treated with the ointment were not and their wounds were healing well. This accidental experiment led to great things for Pare. He opposed the method of cauterisation and recommended that wounds should be treated with his ointment, and bleeding arteries should be tied up with silken thread. However although this method provided pain relief there was an increased risk of infection as germs from the surgeons hands were transferred to the wound. Pare designed sophisticated surgical tools and artificial limbs, which improved that quality of surgery he and others could achieve. During 1575 he wrote The Collected Works of Surgery which contained detailed diagrams of surgical procedure, tools, and artificial limbs. The Paris Collage of Physicians attempted to prevent the publishing of his book, and never accepted him as a physician and surgeon because he was a barber Surgeon. After the Army Pare became personal physician to the King of France. With Royal support, this enabled him to overcome the medical communitys opposition to his ideas. Pare Changed ideas of surgery and improved both surgical procedure and philosophy. William Harvey (1578-1657) introduced a turning point in medical history. Similar to Pare and Versalius, Harvey relied on observation and experiment to increase his understanding of the human body. He performed many experiments on both animals and human bodies and was particularly interested in the motion of blood. He conducted many experiments to learn how the blood moves through the body. After making careful studies of the human pulse beat and heart beat, Harvey concluded that the heart pumps blood through the arteries to all parts of the body and then it returns to the heart through the veins. Harvey discovered that the heart pumps blood round the body and it continues to loop in a circuit. The circulation of blood. To prove, spread and explain his new theory, like Versalius he used a diagram: an anatomical Account of the Motion of the heart and blood in mammals (1628). It explained an experiment he had carried out to prove that the blood travels only one way through veins. Harvey said that if the upper arm is bandaged the valves show up as nodules on the vein. If a finger is pushed along the vein one valve to the two away from the heart, the section of vein will be emptied. Therefore this was valid proof of his new finding and confirmed that the blood travels in a circuit around the body as circuits only move one way therefore proving that Galens theory was incorrect. This discovery made a turning point in medical history and contributed immensely to the progress of medicine. Before Harvey scientists and doctors had only studied parts of the process and invented theories to fill in the gaps, however he tackled the whole problem. After Harvey, scientists realised knowledge of how the body works depends on knowledge of the bodys structure. This was a huge progression, now scientists could understand how circulation was important and had a greater understanding of how the body functions. Although all three men contributed immensely to the progression of medicine, in my opinion it is Harvey who holds the greatest influence. Unlike Versalius and Pare who contributed to only sections of medicine i. e. , Anatomy and Surgery Harveys discovery of the circulation of blood revolutionised the entire procedure. It influenced Anatomy, as now it is understood how the heart works and blood circulates which led to the knowledge of other bodily functions. It contributed to surgery as now with knowledge of circulation and heart surgeons can perform intricate cardiac operations; also, it allows them to understand when and why an operation is going wrong. It progressed the work of physicians as now they can determine a patients health by their heartbeat and pulse rate. They now understand that when the heart stops pumping blood around the body the person will die. It influenced philosophy as this discovery finally made other physicians and scientists realise that knowledge of the bodys functions depends on knowledge of the bodys structure, this idea allowed the development of new ideas and discoveries which today we would be lost with out. The work of Vesalius was important however he did not really make a major significant improvement to medicine at that time. Although he did make changes in anatomy and introduced new ideas and methods of research, it is not possible to claim that he, like Harvey brought a turning point. Pare created brilliant surgical tools and limbs which contributed greatly, nevertheless his theory of applying ointment to wounds was not in fact his. The egg and rose oil would not have been benificial in the process of healing, it was in fact the turpentine which was the aid. Turpentine had been used as an antiseptic by prehistoric people over a thousand years before him, who applies it to wounds to promote healing, prevents infection and ease pain. Wise women in the countryside who were knowledgeable of the importance of plants and herbs in medicine were still doing indeed this. Prehaps if women had not been shunned from the medical society this so-called Discovery would have been made a lot earlier. You may argue that without the work of Vesalius, Harveys finding would not have been possible, and I agree that in a way this is true. It is a similar to the argument of Galen and Hippocrates, without either of the three mens discoveries the system would not work. I understand that Harvey built upon the ideas of Vesalius and his knowledge of anatomy was vital to Harveys research, and without the positive attitude of Vesalius inspiring him to research the human body himself he may well not have strived to make his discovery. In addition, if Pare had not come before Harvey and provided him with the surgical equipment and tools necessary to conduct delicate research, it would not have been possible for Harvey to investigate the problem. However, I am sticking to my original statement. Harvey introduced a turning point in medical history without the knowledge of how the heart functions and blood circulates where would we be today? What would happen if there were no heart monitors? There would be no accurate method of checking a persons health during a dangerous or indeed any operation. Harvey not only made an amazing discovery, but he also inspired those after him to do the same. Harvey did need the work of Versalius and Pare to make his breakthrough and without either it would not have been possible, however overall I believe that it was Harvey who made the greatest contribution.